Two figures, composed. We read in real-time (1-10 minutes) how much of each meter a resource used and multiply it by AWS's own published rate for that meter in that region, taken from AWS's pricing API and recorded against each sample so usage is always priced at the rate that applied when it happened. That number exists within a minute, which is what makes acting on it possible at all. Then AWS's Cost and Usage Report arrives, hours behind. Once an hour is old enough that AWS has stopped restating it, we replace our estimate for that hour with AWS's own figure. Recent spend is our arithmetic, older spend is AWS's, and the budget reports shows you which is which. The estimate stays deliberately conservative: free tier and savings plans are not applied, and each service lists the meters it does not count